Diamond Formation: Diamonds are formed deep within the Earth's mantle under extreme heat and pressure, typically at depths of 90 to 120 miles (150-200 kilometres).

Carbon Structure: Diamonds are composed of carbon atoms arranged in a crystal lattice structure, where each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms.

Oldest Diamonds: Some diamonds are estimated to be over 3 billion years old, making them among the oldest natural materials on Earth.

Blue Diamonds: Blue diamonds are extremely rare and get their colour from traces of boron in their crystal structure.

Pink Diamonds: Pink diamonds are also very rare, and their colour is caused by structural irregularities in the crystal lattice.

Red Diamonds: Red diamonds are the rarest of all, with only a handful known to exist. Their colour comes from tiny inclusions of nitrogen.

Kimberley Process: The Kimberley Process is an international certification scheme designed to prevent the trade of conflict diamonds, which fund civil wars and human rights abuses.

The Hope Diamond: The Hope Diamond, one of the world's most famous diamonds, is believed to be cursed and has a history of owners facing misfortune.

The Cullinan Diamond: The Cullinan Diamond, at 3,106 carats, is the largest diamond ever found. It was cut into several smaller diamonds, some of which are part of the British Crown Jewels.

Diamond Mines: The top diamond-producing countries include Russia, Botswana, Canada, and Australia. Some mines, like the Mirny Mine in Russia, are so deep that helicopters are prohibited from flying over them due to the risk of being sucked in.

The Koh-i-Noor Diamond: The Koh-i-Noor Diamond, now part of the British Crown Jewels, has a history dating back over 5000 years and is said to bring good luck to female owners and misfortune to males.

Diamond Meteorites: Some meteorites have been found to contain nanoscale diamonds that formed in space under extreme conditions.

Popularity of Engagement Rings: The tradition of giving a diamond engagement ring was popularised in the 20th century by a De Beers marketing campaign that coined the slogan, "A Diamond is Forever."

The Dresden Green Diamond: The Dresden Green Diamond is one of the world's largest and finest natural green diamonds, known for its vivid green colour. It is on display in the Dresden Castle in Germany.